Selecting the Three Layers of Lighting

Spritz Solid Brass LED Armed Sconce by Everly Quinn

Lighting is its own universe in interior design, dramatically changing the function, feel, and usage of a space. It's one of the most powerful ways to change the mood of a space, perhaps even more than color. Whether you're refreshing a room or starting from scratch, understand the three layers of lighting can completely transform how you move through and use your home. Let's break them down.

1. Ambient Lighting

Ambient lighting is your foundation layer and the general light that fills a room. Typically this will come from overhead fixtures, ceiling lights, and of course any natural light from windows and skylights. It creates even, overall illumination so you can navigate the space comfortably. Optimally, all rooms will have ample ambient lighting.

Your aesthetic can still impact selection despite the utilitarian function of ambient lighting. Recessed can lights provide a minimalist, modern feel, flush mounts provide a bit of character without intruding into the space, and pendants and chandeliers can double as statement pieces that also act as the main lighting source. My personal favorite is the semi-flush mount - it works with all but the lowest ceilings, adds a tiny hint of drama, and the uplight created bounces off the ceiling for extra illumination. For ambient lighting, I love a natural daylight temperature.

2. Task Lighting

Focused light that helps you perform a specific activity, such as reading, cooking, working, or cosmetics application is considered task lighting. It's characterized by bright, localized, and directional intensity. Regardless of the quality of ambient lighting in the home, task lighting is often needed to reduce eye strain and provide extra safety (such as in work benches and under cabinetry). Desk lamps, reading sconces, vanity lighting, and portable clip-on lighting are all examples.

Many people prefer warm, focused light between 2700K and 3000K and a lumens output of 500 to 1000. However, based on your preferences and the detail required of your craft, up to 1500 lumens may be acceptable, assuming the lamp is shielded from the eyes. Personally, I also prefer a more neutral light for task lighting, as this can help with focus and avoids disconnected pockets of light from the ambient lighting temperature.

3. Accent Lighting

When it comes to atmosphere, accent lighting reigns supreme. It add the final highlight to art, texture to walls, romance to a bath, and drama to a ceiling. A space without accent lighting can feel flat, even with beautiful ambient fixtures. Best of all, it's safe to splurge on accent lighting. When used sparingly but intentionally, a little can add a lot of glow and character without busting the budget.

When selecting accent lighting, the key is mood, mood, and mood. Some common styles of accent lights are picture lights, directional wall sconces, uplighting, candles, LED strips, and sculptural statement fixtures. Consider highlighting architectural details in dimmer spaces for the most contrast and drama.